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The presence of Jewish immigrants for centuries in Arab peninsula had many consequences for its inhabitants. Among these consequences, investigation of the Jews' economic situation in the north of the peninsula, especially in Yathrib, and also its changes during the Islamic period, is of great importance in evaluating the course of the formation of an economic system in Medina society. Analyzing Jews' financial activities in order to determine their economic position in Yathrib, this article is to explicate its changes in the Prophet Mohammad's era, and the course of economic power transmission from Jews to Muslims, according to historical resources, respectively in two parts