One of the fundamental and oldest problems of Islamic philosophy is that
of "causation". This has its own branches and subdivisions, of which one of the
most significant is the "causal relation". The "causal relation", in turn, is
interconnected to such basic and principal problems as "the manner of emanation of possibles by the necessary being" and" the infinity of the series
of causes and effects". With respect to Moslem philosophers' views, it can be claimed that "the causal relation" is a relation between definite and ordered
pairs of objects, one of which (the cause) is the generator of being and the
Maq{j[(jt wa Barrasfha/ 17
other (the effect) is the generated being, such as the relation which holds between the necessary being and the possible being. Studies on moslem
philosophers' views regarding the "causal relation" and its properties, both from metaphysical-philosophical perspective, and modern formal logic theory
of relations, lead us to opposite and contrasting results.
With emphasis on the accepted principles and terms used by Moslem
philosophers, the article explains" the causal relation", and also sheds light on opposite and contrasting results. Finally, to get rid of those results, three
solutions will be suggested, and based on the "theory of personal unity of being", Molla sadra's solution in particular will be highlighted.
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